war 4 Keep the Home Fires Burning.

Under the Poor Law of 1834 there were no benefits it was simply if you had no money, no home, no job you would apply to be admitted into a workhouse. The objective was to enforce the worst conditions they could in the hope that those desperate would do anything to remain out of the workhouse. Here families were separated by gender and a minimum age necessary for the maintenance of ‘decency’ whereby children were segregated from adults in order to dissuade them from a life of indolence and mendicancy and kept from what was considered ‘sluggish sensual indolence’.
Vagrants or casuals were travellers from town to town, perhaps we could call tramps. The 1834 Act was designed to stem the drain of resources as a deterrent, but vagrants dominated the flow of poor inmates. In 1837 workhouses became obliged to provide temporary overnight shelter for any destitute person, forcing guardians to arrange special accommodation for this category. Initially, vagrants were housed in infectious wards, stables and outhouses anywhere until purpose built vagrant wards were built at the edge of the main workhouse site, frequently having its own access from the highway to avoid contamination with other inmates.
Vagrants would arrive late in the afternoon waiting for admission and their personal belongings removed. The number of beds available for vagrants was frequently limited and late-comers found themselves turned away. In better-regulated wards, they were stripped, bathed and their clothes disinfected, and a bread and water supper were served.
This was the way in which people were treated if they became a burden upon the parish and in turn taxed the local residents based upon the value of their home. Many think the of survival today with increasing costs everywhere, but in reality, nearly two hundred years ago life then was beyond imagination. Read more about times then for those who had nothing except the clothes they stood up in. Yes, the poor law did make some difference to those who came knocking but inside you were treated less than human.

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man 45 Words used in Manorial Court Rolls

£2.00

This final folder under the heading of Manorial Records in many cases is the most important as without which manorial court rolls in many cases would just be a number of words in a foreign language.
If the Domesday Book had not been compiled a detailed insight into many hamlets, villages and towns would be denied to us. Domesday records the first documented evidence we have for many places in the UK as well as Penkhull and its importance with regard to its higher recorded monetary value than that of many other villages in North Staffordshire during that period. Penkhull, as we know it today, is a small rural suburb overlooking the town of Stoke, whereas for hundreds of years Penkhull comprised a huge slice of Stoke-on-Trent stretching from Parliament Row, Hanley to Hanford, and incorporated around half of what is today considered the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme.
Without the necessary tools it would be totally impossible to understand just what the entry on 1086 meant. This also applies to all of the manorial court rolls listed on this site. They all use standard terms, that in time become familiar and easier to read and understand t exactly what was meant in the original documents.
Containing five sheets the documents give first illustrations of various documents you could well come across with examples there illustrating the importance of this fundamental tool.

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man 44 Manorial Courts – how they were administered.

£5.00

From the outset for those readers who are not familiar with the term Manorial Court, its functions, and responsibilities it is necessary to first refer to its function as not to confuse any reader with the functions of a Crown or Magistrates court. I know that even some local amateur historians have failed to grasp the basic difference and as ‘fools rush in’ they have gone into print only to prove just how little they know of the subject. The manor court was the lowest court of law in England, feudal law and governed those areas over which the lord of the manor had jurisdiction
These courts dealt with copyhold land transfers, managing the open fields, settling disputes between individuals and manorial offences. There was, in addition, a twice-yearly court leet, held after Michaelmas and after Easter, which all residents of the manor were obliged to attend. Business included a view of frankpledge, at which all men over the age of twelve were bound to appear and make their “pledge” to keep the king’s peace.
I hope that this fraction of what is found within the transactions is sufficient to stimulate interest and like myself have gained an invaluable knowledge of the area. A great subject to study.

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man 28 1727-1760 George II

£5.00

The time of George 11, the court rolls become far more interesting and importantly in many cases recognizable to their location.
This record for the first time mentions Josiah Spode, the potter who was purchasing copyhold land in the centre of Stoke town with full descriptions of buildings and layout etc.
This applies to many other entries in this ten-page document and is a value for those who not only wish to trace the origins of the pottery industry, the development of the town of Stoke but also follow the lines in families.
This is certainly a worthy document which brings study right up the mid-8th century.

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man 17 1558-1603 Elizabeth I

£10.00

This archive of Elizabeth 1 extends over 77 pages of court records. It covers a wide area, Seabridge and Clayton, Penkhull and Boothen. Hanclurch Fenton and Botteslow. In addition there are a wide range of cases that appear in the courts: Assault, recording of deaths of copyholders, surrender and admission of lands for a large part of the records and many others cases are brought to the courts. A good account of what was happening at the time of Elizabeth 1st. and a good read and for study purposes.

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ent 14 The Newcastle & Potteries Theatre, 1788 to 1957

That’s entertainment is not a history of the building, it’s a complete package of several disciplines’ which will attract local inhabitants, students of theatre history and development, social history of the period and how this addressed itself in theatre attendance. Not only that, but Dr. Talbot also expands his work by using examples within the limits of theatre development at the time. For most shows they consisted of several short plays followed by community singing. Many stars of the day also appeared at the theatre in a wide range of acts from opera to recitations but also included a two nights performance of Paganini, the international violinist in 1833.
The study of the early theatres captures the moment by illustrating the type of acts which trod the boards in its early years, then, gradually, to the demands of society moved forward towards music and even promenade concerts and the involvement of local musicians and minstrels even attracting the Sutherlands from Trentham as Patrons. It is also a fine example how the class-society of Newcastle, a weathy professional town operated and how servants were treated.

This study illustrates the challenges of competition and how that was tied into the social fabric of the town, followed by improvements in transport from the mid-1900s. In fact, it is a complete social history combining theatre, localities, social habits, and class distinction which was an integral part of society for most of the theatres existence.

A5 size 76 pages and loads of photographs includes the price of UK postage