pop 1/a Clayton

This study studies the details of both Stoke and Chell workhouses from 1871-1901. It is a major piece of research listing not only the percentages of ages, family status, gender, occupation and place of birth. Each subject is supported by percentages to enable an immediate indication of the severity in both workhouses and the year covered making comparatives between the two possible. Surnames are listed first, then second names and their relationship with the head or other status such as lodger are given.

The objective of this study is to ascertain the causes, implications and consequences of each set of figures which presents a wide view of what was happening within the whole of the potteries. For example, a large number of inmates in workhouses is a compelling sign that the economy and employment levels the potteries are at a high and order books low, hence unemployed with no income at all therefore the poor had to seek poor relief or starve. But if the numbers resident in workhouses were lower at various times, the indication is that employment within the district is doing well.

There are various permutations to each category, each of which the author offers his knowledge in explaining as to why. A further important study and is a perfect contribution to social, economic research as well as that of expanding the technique of making accurate findings for debate and also family research.

Eleven  x A4 pages

The first census that recorded the name of people nation-wide, was in 1841. What is less known in that a very similar, but less known record of people in defined areas within district parishes was the Marriage Duty Act of 1695. This listing could well be as a direct result of this Act or maybe have been drawn up for other reasons.

There are numerous reasons why this parish listing was carried out, so as a result of idle curiosity, some in conjunction with the Compton Census of 1676 which objective was to prepare an estimate of the population whilst others drawn up to comply with the Marriage Duty Act on 1695, and still others were compiled by the demographer Gregory King of Lichfield.

Registration or Marriage Duty Act of 1695. Operated until 1706. This tax on parish register entries was levied for carrying on the war with France. It was on a sliding scale according to status, with a basic rate of 2/- for a christening, 2/6d for a marriage and 4/- for a burial. As the Parish was the only form of organisation at the time, the duty to comply was applied to parish churches. Every parish had to compile a list of each family listing all resident in the property including lodgers and also the status of the head and sometime the occupation. The form was to list every person from the head of the family down including their status, gent, widow etc. In many ways it is not dissimilar from the early census returns without the occupation. There were no addresses listed as at such an early date they were not yet part of the structure of society. This accurate record covers the town of Stoke, Boothen, Penkhull, Clayton, Seabridge, Shelton, Hanley and Shelton. It is almost certain that the listing was compiled by or on behalf of Thomas Allen, who was the rector of Stoke-upon-Trent from 1697 to 1732

This is an incredible asset to any generalist researching these district as it supersedes the census return of 1841 by 140 years.

At twenty-nine pages this is one of the largest studies undertaken and comprises of every aspect of population, growth, occupations, age grouping within five different North Staffordshire areas. The hearth tax is listed with four years of records for comparisons listed against names so family changes can be noted. It commences with the importance of the first survey of the Manor of Newcastle under Lyme (available on this site), Muster Rolls and census returns whereby a complete comparative analysis is done in age groups, marriage over 16 years of age, births and deaths, places of birth and occupations listing all houses in census returns. Gregory King, the author of so many populations theories whereby summery is given on the population of Penkhull and other nearby villages in 1679. The research for this study is way above anything that has been done prior to this and will prove a huge influence for students on how to reflect and study the subject. It is also a tremendous help to those starting to study population trends and statistics or those who are keen to learn more of what can be achieved on this subject.

Twenty-nine pages